Backend Developer Roadmap

1. API Design

• REST API
• GraphQL
• gRPC
• WebSocket
• Message Broker (Communication between APIs)

2. API Security

• JWT Token
• Refresh Token (Common in large applications)
• OAuth2 (Social login: Google, Facebook, etc.)
• SAML (Single Sign-On)
• Identity Providers (Cognito, Auth0, etc.)
• Role-Based Authorization

3. API Testing

• Unit Testing
• Acceptance Testing
• Load Testing

4. Documentation

• Swagger
• Postman

5. Database (ORM)

• NoSQL
  • MongoDB
  • AWS DynamoDB
• SQL
  • PostgreSQL
  • MySQL
• In-Memory
  • Redis
  • Memcached
• Graph Database
  • Neo4j

6. Linux Server

7. Cloud Computing

8. DevOps

Server Application Responsibilities

• Listen Request
• Process
  • Algorithm
  • Data Structure
  • Database
  • Problem Solving
• Response

HTTP (Stateless Communication)

• Methods
  • GET
  • POST
  • PUT/PATCH
  • DELETE
• Headers

Routing Patterns

• GET
  • Get all (/)
  • Get with filter (/:id)
• POST
  • Create
• UPDATE
  • Update with ID (/:id)
• DELETE
  • Delete by ID (/:id)

Request Flow

Request => Middleware [Logger, Body Parser, User IP, Block IP, Authentication, Authorization, Validation] => Controller => Middleware [Error Handler] => Response

Server Application Development

• Express
• Node.js Loggers
• Node.js File Uploads
• Node.js Emails
• Node.js Clean Architecture
• Node.js Caching Techniques
• Node.js Job Scheduler
• Node.js Message Queues
• Node.js Realtime Application
• Node.js Testing
• Node.js Design
• Node.js CI/CD Pipeline

Multi-Page Application

• Node.js Template Engine
• Session-Based Authentication

REST API

• REST API
• API Validation
• API Security - Bearer Token
• API Security - Refresh Token
• REST API Design & Management
• Acceptance Testing
• Postman
• API Security - OAuth2
• API Security - MFA & SSO
• API Security - Auth0
• Role-Based Access Control

CMS

• Strapi CMS
• Strapi CMS Development

Database

• SQL
  • PostgreSQL
  • Sequelize
  • TypeORM
  • Prisma 2
  • Redis
  • SQL Database Design
  • SQL Joins
  • SQL Transactions
• NoSQL
  • MongoDB
  • Mongoose
  • MongoDB Data Modeling
  • MongoDB Aggregation
  • MongoDB Transactions
  • MongoDB Performance Optimization
  • MongoDB Security
  • MongoDB Administration
  • MongoDB Atlas
  • MongoDB Realm

Inside the Backend Development

What is Backend?

Backend involves server-side development focusing on databases, server logic, and APIs.

Challenges with File Systems

• Slow access
• Difficult to manage
• Limited structure
• Not scalable for large data volumes
• Lack of search functionality

Database

Databases address these issues, providing efficient data storage and retrieval.

Business Logic

• Application layer controls user access and validates data.

User Interface Layer

• Provides a visual layer for user interaction and dynamic content.

Packaging & Distribution

• Shift from traditional software distribution (CDs, Flash Drives) to centralized solutions via the internet.

Networking Concepts

• IP Address
• DNS (Domain Name System)
• Protocol
• Packet
• Buffer
• SSL/TLS

Server Application Responsibilities

• Handling HTTP requests
• Serving static files
• Processing dynamic content
• Load balancing and reverse proxy
• Logging & monitoring

Backend Application

• Request Handling
  • Validate/security check
  • Business logic/database access
  • Process and respond

Main Responsibilities

• Authentication/Authorization
• Validation
• Database operations (CRUD)
• Synchronous and Asynchronous communication
• Generate final response

Database Types

• SQL: Structured schema, vertically scalable.
• NoSQL: No fixed schema, horizontally scalable.

Server

• Server administration
• Linux commands
• DNS configurations
• SSL/TLS

Backend Developer Objectives

• Respond to requests
• Process and handle responses efficiently

Application Architecture

• Monolithic
• N-tier
• Modular Monolith
• Microservices
• Event-Driven
• Cloud Native
• Serverless

High-Performance Code

• Problem Solving
  • Data structures
  • Algorithms
• Engineering
  • Design patterns
  • Design principles
  • Schema optimization
  • Query optimization
  • Scalable code
• Testing
  • Various testing methodologies

State Management

• Stateless: No session storage.
• Stateful: Session storage.

Cloud Computing

• Linux, SSH, Compute/VM, Storage, Database, Networking, VPC

DevOps Process

• Development -> DevOps -> Deployment
• Automated testing, building, monitoring

Non-Functional Requirements

• Performance, Scalability, Reliability, Security

System Design Concepts

• Application architecture
• OSI model
• Communication (Sync/Async)
• Caching and CDN
• Scaling databases
• Fault tolerance and disaster recovery

Backend Development Roles

Core Development Roles

• Junior Backend Developer
• Backend Developer
• Fullstack Developer
• APIs Developer
• Microservices Developer
• Security Engineer

Data Management Roles

• Database Administrator
• Database Engineer
• Data Architect

Integration Roles

• Software Architect
• System Designer
• Integration Specialist
• Backend Performance Engineer

DevOps & Cloud Roles

• DevOps Engineer
• Site Reliability Engineer (SRE)
• Cloud Architect
• Cloud Engineer

Specialized Roles

• Backend Security Analyst
• Blockchain Developer
• IoT Developer
• Machine Learning Engineer
• Backend Automation Engineer
• Embedded System Developer
• Security Operations Engineer (SecOps)
• Data Analyst
• Backend Quality Assurance (QA)
• Legacy System Modernization Developer
• API Evangelist

CS Foundations

Foundation 1

• Programming language
• OOPs
• Data Structures & Algorithms (DSA)
• Design Patterns
• Database basics

Foundation 2

• Networking (OSI, TCP/UDP, HTTP, SSH)
• Security
• Operating System basics
• Software Architecture
• DevOps basics
• System Design

Conclusion

Mastering backend development requires a deep understanding of various technologies and concepts, including programming, databases, API design, security, and more. This roadmap outlines the key areas to focus on and serves as a guide for your learning journey.